Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that can affect many functions: the sense of touch, movement, balance, sight, ability to move, etc.. It affects mostly women.
It is an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disease in which the immune system attacks myelin, a substance that covers and protects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. This causes patches of demyelination. These reduce the efficiency of electrical conduction of nerve impulses between brain cells and between the brain and other body parts.
The symptoms of MS and their evolution are highly variable from one person to another. The symptoms most often encountered are:
– Movement disorders: muscle weakness, loss of coordination of movements, difficulty walking, muscle spasms, loss of balance;
– The sensory disorders: numbness, tingling, loss of sensitivity of certain body parts;
– Visual disturbances: impaired sight, blurred;
– Cognitive impairment: memory loss, decreased attention;
– Urinary and sexual disorders: incontinence, impotence, dysuria.
Other symptoms are unexplained pain, fatigue and dizziness.
In about 70% of cases, the MS progress in spurts, with periods of remission between episodes sometimes complete. Up to 15% of cases had only one episode during their lifetime. In about 10% of cases, the disease progresses gradually with a continual deterioration in recent years.
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